ECD SYSTEM > Turbocharger Oil Leak and White Smoke

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DESCRIPTION

HINT:

1. Turbocharger oil leaks are classified into 2 types. One is an internal oil leak, and the other is an external oil leak.
   
2. When oil leaks and smoke occur, sometimes the turbocharger is mistakenly replaced, even though the turbocharger is not the cause of the problem.
   
3. When there are oil marks on the surface of the compressor housing, or oil in the compressor inlet or outlet, the problem may mistakenly be determined to be a turbocharger oil leak.
   
4. Each part of the turbocharger is shown below.
   

HINT:

1. Above illustration is an example.
   
2. If the oil stain is similar to the one shown in the illustration (fig. 1), it may be oil spray from parts surrounding the turbocharger or oil leaking from the air cleaner hose. Therefore, this kind of oil stain on the outer surface of the turbocharger is not an oil leak from the turbocharger (external oil leak), and is not related to white smoke. For identification of an actual turbocharger outer oil leak, check only the sealing part shown below.
   

HINT:

1. Above illustration is an example.
   
2. A certain amount of oil is contained in the intake system because blow-by gas containing oil mist is returned to the intake system by the PCV. Therefore, the oil amount at the compressor inlet shown in the left figure (fig. 2) is normal and not an oil leak from the turbocharger (internal oil leak). Also, oil at the compressor outlet as shown in fig. 3 is normal.
   In addition, the compressor wheel surface may blacken due to blow-by gas but this is not abnormal.
   

HINT:

1. Above illustration is an example.
   
2. This is an illustration (fig. 4) of an air leak test performed by applying soapy water to the area of the leak. Bubbles indicate the leak point.
   

HINT:

1. Oil coking is caused by insufficient oil maintenance.
   
2. If the oil drain is clogged by coked oil, oil cannot be drained smoothly, and it overflows from the center housing to the compressor housing and turbine housing. This results in a large amount of white smoke from the exhaust pipe.
   If any solid (coked oil) is visually confirmed inside the center housing, it can be assumed to be the cause of internal oil leak.
   

HINT:

Above illustration is an example.

HINT:

Above illustration is an example.

HINT:

Above illustration is an example.

INSPECTION PROCEDURE

1. Check whether the oil leak is an internal or external oil leak.
   
   

   HINT:

   White smoke is not related to an external oil leak.

   
   

   Oil Leak Type	Description
   Internal oil leak (White smoke)	Oil leak from center housing to compressor housing (intake side) or turbine housing (exhaust side) through piston rings (seal rings). Internal oil leak is not visible from outside of turbocharger. If oil leak occurs from turbine side seal, large amount of white smoke will be emitted from exhaust pipe.
   External oil leak	Oil leak from inside of turbocharger to outside of turbocharger (e.g. from compressor housing O-ring, oil pipe flange or oil pipe union). Includes oil leaks visible from outside of turbocharger.

   
   

   Result 

   Result	Proceed to
   External oil leak	A
   Internal oil leak	B

B	Go to step 3

A

1. Replace the part which is leaking oil.
   

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1. Fully depress the accelerator pedal, and then release it.
   

2. Check whether white smoke is emitted or not when racing the engine.
   

   CAUTION:

   Be sure not to check for white smoke indoors.

   Result 

   Result	Proceed to
   White smoke is emitted	A
   White smoke is not emitted	B

B	Go to step 14

A

1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
   

2. Turn the ignition switch to ON.
   

3. Turn the tester on.
   

4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / DTC.
   

5. Read DTCs.
   

   Result 

   Result	Proceed to
   No DTCs are output	A
   DTCs related to engine are output	B

B	GO TO DTC CHART (Click here)

A

1. Check whether the white smoke is emitted only just after engine start and disappears later, or not.
   

   HINT:

   1. If white smoke appears for only a short period of time immediately after the engine is started, the white smoke is not from the turbocharger.
      
   2. If the turbocharger is the cause of the problem, regardless of whether the engine is cold or warmed up, there will be a large amount of white smoke to the extent that visibility is obstructed for a few meters in the area of the smoke (as shown in the illustration).
      
   3. Depending on whether there is oil mixed with the fuel, or whether there is unburned fuel present, the smell of the exhaust gas differs. When oil is mixed in, the exhaust gas smells like burning oil.
      
   
   

   Result 

   Result	Proceed to
   Yes (white smoke is emitted only just after engine start)	A
   No (white smoke is always and continuously emitted)	B

B	Go to step 18

A

1. Check whether the white smoke is emitted only in cold weather when the temperature is less than 0°C (32°F).
   

   HINT:

   1. If the white smoke is emitted only in cold conditions, the smoke is not from the turbocharger and may be the smoke of unburned fuel.
      
   2. If misfiring occurs, unburned fuel is emitted.
      
   
   

   Result 

   Result	Proceed to
   Yes (white smoke is emitted in only cold conditions)	A
   No (white smoke is emitted in both cold and warm conditions)	B

B	Go to step 8

A

1. Inspect the glow plug assembly (Click here).
   

NG	REPLACE GLOW PLUG ASSEMBLY (Click here)

OK

1. Read the injector compensation codes (Click here).
   

   OK:

   Compensation codes stored in the ECM match compensation codes of the installed fuel injectors.
   

   HINT:

   1. If those do not match, register correct compensation code.
      
   2. If necessary, perform "Learning Values Reset" (Click here).
      

NG	REGISTER INJECTOR COMPENSATION CODE (AND PERFORM LEARNING VALUES RESET) (Click here)

OK

1. Check the fuel system (Click here).
   

NG	REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL SYSTEM

OK

HINT:

1. If the amount of EGR is excessive due to a failure of the EGR valve, combustion when the coolant temperature is cold becomes unstable and leads to misfire.
   
2. When the EGR valve cannot completely close, a lack of power is felt and the MAF sensor value deviates from the standard value.
   

1. Connect the intelligent tester to the DLC3.
   

2. Turn the ignition switch to ON.
   

3. Turn the tester on.
   

4. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine and ECT / Active Test / Control the EGR Step Position.
   

5. When changing the Active Test value, check that Actual EGR Valve Pos. smoothly changes to the set opening angle.
   

   OK:

   Value smoothly changes to set opening angle.
   

6. Remove the EGR valve (Click here).
   

7. Visually check the EGR valve for deposits. If there are deposits, clean the EGR valve and EGR passage (intake/exhaust manifold, EGR cooler, EGR pipes, etc.).
   

   NOTICE:

   1. When cleaning the EGR valve, make sure the valve is completely closed.
      
   2. Do not forcibly open the valve, as it may be damaged or deformed.
      
   3. When cleaning the EGR valve, use a piece of cloth soaked with cleaning solvent. Spraying the solvent directly onto these parts or soaking the parts in the solvent may damage the parts.
      

8. Hold the EGR valve up to a light, and visually check that there is no gap between the valve and body.
   

   OK:

   No light passes through (there is no gap between the valve and body).
   

   HINT:

   1. If light passes through (there is a gap between the valve and body), replace the EGR valve assembly.
      
   2. Even if the EGR valve is closed completely, light leaks from the closed gap of valve seat (*a) as shown the illustration, but this is normal.
      
   
   
   
   
   

   Text in Illustration 

   *A	DC Motor Type EGR Valve	-	-
   *a	Gap	*b	OK
   *c	NG	*d	Clearance

   HINT:

   If any inspection result above is NG, check the EGR system, referring to the inspection procedure for DTC P0400.

NG	GO TO EGR SYSTEM INSPECTION PROCEDURE (DTC P0400) (Click here)

OK

1. Check the cylinder compression pressure (Click here).
   

   HINT:

   1. If any of following malfunctions occurs, white smoke is emitted.
      
   1. Nozzle seat sealing failure
      
   2. Piston cracking
      
   3. Piston rings breakage
      
   2. To check whether the pistons and piston rings have a malfunction, remove the oil level dipstick. If oil sprays out, the pressure inside the crankcase has risen which indicates that there is a malfunction in a piston or piston ring.
      

NG	CHECK ENGINE TO DETERMINE CAUSE OF LOW COMPRESSION

OK

1. Replace the turbocharger sub-assembly (Click here).
   

NEXT

1. Check whether the white smoke problem has been successfully repaired by starting the engine.
   

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1. Remove the air cleaner hose from the compressor inlet.
   

2. Check whether an excessive amount of oil is present or not, and whether excessive oil deposits are attached to the compressor wheel or not.
   

   HINT:

   1. A certain amount of oil may be present as shown in fig. 2 in "Description", because a certain amount of oil mist is contained in the PCV gas and this oil accumulates just before the compressor inlet.
      
   2. If an excessive amount of oil is present at the compressor inlet, there may be a problem in the PCV system.
      

NEXT

1. Remove the air hose from the compressor outlet.
   

2. Check whether or not an excessive amount of oil or excessive oil deposits are present at the compressor outlet.
   

   HINT:

   A certain amount of oil may be present as shown in fig. 3 in "Description", because a certain amount of oil mist is contained in the PCV gas.

   
   

   Result 

   Result	Proceed to
   Excessive amount of oil present at both compressor inlet and outlet	C
   Excessive amount of oil present only at compressor outlet	B
   Excessive amount of oil not present at compressor inlet and outlet	A

3. Reinstall the air hose.
   

B	Go to step 18
C	CHECK PCV SYSTEM

A

1. Remove the turbocharger from the engine (Click here).
   

2. Check whether an excessive amount of wet oil or excessive oil deposits are present at the turbine inlet.
   

   HINT:

   Be sure not to mistake carbon soot for oil.

NEXT

1. Check whether an excessive amount of wet oil or excessive oil deposits are present at the turbine outlet.
   

   HINT:

   1. Be sure not to mistake carbon soot for oil.
      
   2. If the turbocharger shaft is tilted, some amount of oil will flow out from the center housing. Therefore, be sure not to mistake oil that flowed out from the center housing during or after the removal of the turbocharger for oil that was present before the removal of the turbocharger.
      
   3. If an excessive amount of oil or excessive oil deposits are present at the turbine inlet, this oil is coming from the exhaust port of the cylinders, and may indicate a problem in 1 or more cylinders.
      
   
   

   Result 

   Result	Proceed to
   Excessive amount of oil present at both turbine inlet and outlet	B
   Excessive amount of oil present only at turbine outlet	A

B	CHECK ENGINE TO DETERMINE CAUSE OF OIL IN TURBOCHARGER

A

1. Replace the turbocharger sub-assembly (Click here).
   

NEXT

1. Check whether the oil leakage problem has been successfully repaired.
   

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